Engineering Glossary

From fundamental principles to cutting-edge practices, this glossary covers the full spectrum of software engineering terminology.

DevOps

Browse glossary

Cloud Computing

Browse glossary

Git

Browse glossary

Containerization & Orchestration

Browse glossary

YAML (Yet Another Markup Language)

Human-readable data serialization standard that can be used in conjunction with all programming languages.

DevOps

YAML Sprawl

Proliferation of YAML configuration files, often leading to maintenance and consistency challenges.

DevOps

Yak Shaving

Seemingly useless activity which, by allowing you to overcome intermediate difficulties, allows you to solve a larger problem.

DevOps

Yarn

Fast, reliable, and secure dependency management tool for Node.js, offering improved performance and additional features over NPM.

DevOps

Yocto

Open-source collaboration project that helps developers create custom Linux-based systems.

DevOps

Yoda Conditions

Programming style where the constant goes before the variable in a conditional statement.

DevOps

You Build it You Run it

DevOps principle where development teams are also responsible for supporting the software in production.

DevOps

Zabbix

Open-source software tool to monitor various IT components, including networks, servers, virtual machines, and cloud services.

DevOps

Zero Downtime Deployment

Deployment method that ensures the application remains available to users during the entire update process.

DevOps

Zero Nines

A measure of system availability where no uptime guarantee is provided. It indicates a service with no specified reliability commitments or expectations.

DevOps

Zero Trust

Security concept centered on the belief that organizations should not automatically trust anything inside or outside its perimeters.

DevOps

Zero-day Attack

Cyber attack exploiting a vulnerability that is unknown to the software vendor or to antivirus vendors.

DevOps

Zipkin

Distributed tracing system that helps gather timing data needed to troubleshoot latency problems in service architectures.

DevOps

Zookeeper

Centralized service for maintaining configuration information, naming, providing distributed synchronization, and providing group services.

DevOps

Zsh (Z Shell)

Extended version of the Bourne Shell with many improvements, including some features of Bash, ksh, and tcsh.

DevOps

iOS Deployment

Process of distributing iOS applications to Apple devices, often through the App Store or enterprise distribution methods.

DevOps

macOS

Apple's Unix-based operating system for Macintosh computers, known for its user-friendly interface and tight integration with Apple hardware.

DevOps

Git Pull --Rebase

A variation of Git pull that fetches remote changes and rebases local commits on top of them instead of merging.

Git Push --Force-with-Lease

A safer alternative to force push, which only updates the branch if it hasn't been modified since your last fetch.

Git Range-diff

A command that compares the changes between two commit ranges, useful for reviewing rebased branches.

Git Read-tree

A low-level command that reads tree objects into the index, used in complex merging scenarios.

Git Reflog

A log of all reference updates in a repository, useful for recovering lost commits or branches.

Git Reflogs

Same as Git Reflog, logs that record when the tips of branches and other references were updated in the repository.

Git Refs Storage

The system Git uses to store references (like branches and tags) as files in the .git directory.

Git Refspec

A string that specifies the mapping between remote and local references when fetching or pushing.

Git Remote Add

Adds a new remote repository to your local Git configuration, associating a name with a URL.

Git Remote Prune

A command that removes remote-tracking branches that no longer exist on the remote repository.

Git Remote Remove

Removes a remote repository from your local Git configuration, deleting its associated references.

Git Replace

A feature allowing one Git object to be transparently used in place of another, useful for history rewriting.

Git Rerere (Reuse Recorded Resolution)

A feature that remembers how you resolved merge conflicts and automatically reapplies the resolution.

Git Reset

A command used to undo changes by moving the current branch head to a specific commit.

Git Reset --Hard

A Git reset option that updates the working directory and staging area to match the specified commit.

Git Reset --Soft

A Git reset option that moves the HEAD to a specified commit without changing the working directory or staging area.

Git Rev-list

A command that lists commit objects in reverse chronological order, often used as a basis for other commands.

Git Rev-parse

A command used to parse Git revision syntax and return the corresponding object name.

Git Revert

A command that creates a new commit that undoes the changes made by a previous commit.

Git Rm

A command to remove files from both the working directory and the Git repository.

Git Shallow Clone

A clone that only fetches a limited number of commits, reducing download size and time for large repositories.

Git Shortlog

A command that summarizes git log output, typically used to create release announcements.

Git Signed Commits

Commits that are cryptographically signed to verify the identity of the committer and ensure integrity.

Git Signed Tags

Tags that are cryptographically signed to verify the identity of the tagger and ensure the tag's integrity.

Git Squash

The process of combining multiple commits into a single commit, often used to simplify history before merging.

Git Stash Apply

A command that applies a stored stash to the working directory without removing it from the stash list.

Git Stash Pop

A command that applies a stored stash to the working directory and removes it from the stash list.

Git Status

A command that displays the state of the working directory and the staging area.

Git Submodule

A repository embedded within another repository, allowing you to keep a Git repository as a subdirectory of another Git repository.

Git Submodule Foreach

A command that executes a specified shell command for each initialized submodule in a Git repository.

Git Subtree

A feature for managing nested repositories as subdirectories of a parent repository, an alternative to submodules.

Git Update-index

A low-level Git command that manipulates the staging area, updating file information and preparing changes for commit.

Git Wire Protocol

The communication protocol used between Git clients and servers for efficient data transfer.

Git Worktree

A feature allowing multiple working trees to be attached to the same repository, useful for working on different branches simultaneously.

Git Worktree Add

Creates a new working tree associated with the repository, allowing work on multiple branches simultaneously.

Git Worktree List

A command to list details of each working tree associated with the repository, showing paths and branch information.

Git Write-tree

A low-level Git command that creates a tree object from the current index, representing a directory structure.

Git archive

A Git command used to create an archive (zip or tar) of files from a specified commit, useful for creating release packages.

Git branch naming conventions

Agreed-upon patterns for naming branches to improve organization and clarity in collaborative projects.

Git cat-file

A command to examine the contents and type of Git objects, useful for inspecting repository internals.

Git cherry-pick --continue

A command to resume the cherry-pick process after resolving conflicts in a paused cherry-pick operation.

Git config scopes (system, global, local)

Levels at which Git configuration can be set: system (all users), global (user), and local (repository).

Git count-objects -v

A command providing detailed statistics about the number and size of objects in a Git repository.

Git credential helpers

Mechanisms to securely store and retrieve credentials for Git operations, reducing manual authentication.

Git diff drivers

Custom scripts that determine how Git should generate diffs for specific file types.

Git filter-repo

A versatile tool for rewriting Git repository history, offering more power and flexibility than git filter-branch.

Git gc aggressive

A more thorough garbage collection process in Git, optimizing repository storage and performance.

Git hash-object

A low-level Git command that computes the object ID (SHA-1 hash) for a given file or string, used in Git's internal storage.

Git hooks (client-side and server-side)

Scripts triggered by specific events in Git workflows, used to automate tasks or enforce policies.

Git index (staging area)

The intermediate area in Git where changes are prepared before committing, also known as the staging area.

Git loose objects

Individual, uncompressed Git objects stored separately in the object database before being packed.

Git ls-tree

A command to list the contents of a tree object in Git, showing files and subdirectories.

Git merge drivers

Custom scripts defining how Git should handle merges for specific file types or patterns.

Git mktree

A low-level Git command that creates a tree object from a specific index or tree listing.

Git object types (blob, tree, commit, tag)

The four fundamental object types used by Git to store repository data and history.

Git pack-refs

A command to pack references into a single file for improved performance in repositories with many references.

Git packfiles

Compressed files containing multiple Git objects, optimizing storage and transfer efficiency in repositories.

Git post-receive hooks (server-side)

Server-side scripts that run after commits have been accepted, often used for notifications or deployments.

Git pre-receive hooks (server-side)

Server-side scripts that run before pushed commits are accepted, used to enforce policies or checks.

Git protocol v2

An improved version of the Git transfer protocol, offering better performance and feature negotiation.

Git rebase --onto

A command to move a series of commits to a new base commit, useful for changing the parent of a branch.

Git reflog expire

A command to remove old entries from the reflog, useful for cleaning up Git history and freeing space.

Git repack

A command to combine all loose objects in a repository into packfiles, improving storage efficiency.

Git reset (soft, mixed, hard)

Commands to undo changes in Git, with varying impacts on the working directory and staging area.

Git secret management

Techniques and tools for securely storing and accessing sensitive information in Git repositories.

Git show-ref

A command that lists references in a Git repository along with their associated commit hashes.

Git sparse-checkout

A feature allowing users to check out only a subset of files from a repository, saving space and time.

Git verify-pack

A command to validate the contents of Git pack files, ensuring data integrity in the object database.

GitHub App

An application that can be installed directly on organizations and user accounts to extend GitHub's functionality.

GitHub Flavored Markdown

A version of Markdown with additional features specifically supported on GitHub.

GitHub Importer

A tool for importing repositories to GitHub from other version control systems or source code hosts.

GitHub Issues

A feature in GitHub for tracking tasks, enhancements, and bugs for a project.

GitHub Jobs

A platform for posting and finding software development jobs, integrated with GitHub profiles, that was discontinued in 2021.

GitHub Marketplace

A platform for developers to sell and buy integrations for GitHub, enhancing workflow and productivity.

GitHub Pages

A static site hosting service that takes files directly from a GitHub repository to publish websites.

GitHub Wiki

A collaborative documentation feature in GitHub repositories, allowing easy creation and editing of project documentation.

GitHub flow

A lightweight, branch-based workflow that supports teams and projects where deployments are made regularly.

GitLab flow

A version control workflow that combines feature-driven development and feature branches with issue tracking.

Gitflow

Branching model for Git that defines a strict branching model designed around project releases.

Gitk (Git Repository Browser)

A graphical interface for viewing Git repositories, providing a visual representation of commit history.

GraphQL

Query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries with existing data.

HEAD

A pointer in Git that refers to the latest commit in the current checked-out branch.

Hello, World

A simple program often used as an introduction to a new programming language or environment, including Git tutorials.

Hotfix branching

A method for quickly patching production releases by branching directly from the main branch or a tag.

Index

Also known as the staging area, where changes are prepared before committing in Git.

Issue templates

Predefined structures for creating new issues in Git repositories, ensuring consistent and complete information.

Jekyll

A static site generator often used with GitHub Pages to create websites from Markdown files in a Git repository.

Jekyll Theme Chooser

A tool in GitHub Pages that allows users to easily select and apply pre-designed themes to their Jekyll sites.

LFS

Git Large File Storage, an extension for versioning large files in Git repositories.

Linguist

A library used by GitHub to detect the programming languages used in repositories.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language commonly used for documentation in Git repositories.

Master

Formerly the default name for the primary branch in Git repositories, now often replaced by 'main'.

Merge

The process of combining changes from different branches into a single branch, integrating multiple lines of development.

OAuth app

An application that uses the OAuth protocol to access Git platform APIs on behalf of users.

OAuth token

A secure string used for authentication in Git operations, allowing access to resources without sharing passwords.

Origin

The default name for the remote repository from which a local repository was cloned.

Patch

A file describing changes between versions, used to share and apply modifications across different Git repositories.

Pull

A Git command that fetches changes from a remote repository and merges them into the current branch.

Pull Request

A method of submitting contributions to a Git project, proposing changes from a forked repository or branch.

Pull request templates

Customizable files that automatically populate the body of new pull requests, guiding contributors.

3D Stacked Memory for Cloud Servers

High-density memory architecture using vertically stacked chips, enhancing performance and capacity in cloud server hardware.

5G Cloud

Cloud infrastructure optimized for 5G networks, supporting high-speed, low-latency services and applications.

5G Network Slicing

Technique to create multiple virtual networks on a shared physical 5G infrastructure, each optimized for specific use cases.

5G and Edge Computing

Integration of 5G networks with edge computing to enable low-latency, high-bandwidth applications closer to end-users.

6G Cloud Integration

Future convergence of 6G networks with cloud computing, promising ultra-high speeds and advanced capabilities.

ACID Compliance

Database transaction properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensuring data integrity in cloud environments.

AI Ethics Compliance Tools

Software ensuring AI systems adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations in cloud deployments.

AI Ethics and Bias Detection Tools

Software for identifying and mitigating ethical issues and biases in AI models deployed in cloud environments.

AI Ethics and Governance Tools

Solutions for managing ethical considerations and regulatory compliance in cloud-based AI systems.

AI Governance Frameworks

Structured approaches for managing AI development, deployment, and use in cloud environments.

AI Model Governance Platforms

Comprehensive solutions for managing, monitoring, and controlling AI models in cloud-based systems.

AI Model Interpretability Services

Cloud-based tools for explaining and understanding the decision-making processes of AI models.

AI Model Interpretability Tools

Software for analyzing and explaining AI model decisions, crucial for transparency in cloud AI services.

AI Model Marketplaces

Cloud platforms for discovering, sharing, and monetizing pre-trained AI models and algorithms.

AI Model Monitoring and Drift Detection

Tools for tracking AI model performance and identifying deviations from expected behavior in cloud environments.

AI Model Versioning and Governance

Systems for managing different versions of AI models and enforcing governance policies in cloud deployments.

AI-Assisted Coding Platforms

Cloud-based development environments that use AI to assist programmers in writing and optimizing code.

AI-Augmented Analytics

Integration of AI capabilities into data analytics processes in cloud environments for enhanced insights.

AI-Driven Capacity Planning

Use of AI algorithms to predict and optimize resource allocation in cloud infrastructures.

AI-Driven Cloud Optimization

Application of AI techniques to improve efficiency, performance, and cost-effectiveness of cloud resources.

AI-Driven Cloud Resource Allocation

Automated distribution of cloud resources using AI to optimize performance and cost-efficiency.

AI-Driven Cloud Service Composition

AI-based automation of cloud service selection and integration for complex workflows.

AI-Driven Code Generation

Automated creation of source code using AI models, often integrated into cloud development platforms.

AI-Driven Data Classification

Automated categorization and labeling of data using AI algorithms in cloud storage and processing systems.

AI-Driven Network Optimization

Use of AI to improve network performance, efficiency, and security in cloud environments.

AI-Driven Resource Allocation

Intelligent distribution of computing resources in cloud environments using AI algorithms.

AI-Driven Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

Enhanced SIEM systems using AI for improved threat detection and response in cloud environments.

AI-Driven Threat Detection

Use of AI algorithms to identify and analyze potential security threats in cloud systems.

AI-Driven Threat Hunting

Proactive search for hidden threats in cloud environments using AI-powered analytics and automation.

AI-Optimized Cloud Hardware

Cloud infrastructure components designed or configured to enhance AI workload performance.

AI-Optimized Databases

Database systems tailored for AI workloads, often featuring in-memory processing and distributed architectures.

AI-Powered Anomaly Detection

Use of AI algorithms to identify unusual patterns or behaviors in cloud systems and data.

AI-Powered Integration

Intelligent automation of data and application integration processes in cloud environments using AI.

AI-as-a-Service

Cloud-based offering of AI capabilities, allowing businesses to leverage AI without extensive in-house expertise.

AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS)

Cloud-based AI capabilities offered as a service, enabling easy integration of AI into applications.

AIOps

Application of AI for automating and enhancing IT operations management in cloud environments.

AIOps Platforms

Integrated solutions leveraging AI for automated monitoring, analysis, and management of cloud IT operations.

AIOps for Predictive Maintenance

Use of AI-driven analytics to forecast and prevent system failures in cloud infrastructure.

API Security Gateway

Service that protects APIs in cloud environments by managing access, monitoring traffic, and preventing attacks.

API Security Gateways

Dedicated services for securing and managing APIs in cloud environments, including access control and threat protection.

API-First Development

Design approach prioritizing API creation before implementation, common in cloud-native application development.

API-Led Connectivity

Integration strategy using purpose-built APIs to connect data, devices, and applications in cloud ecosystems.

AR Cloud

Persistent 3D digital content overlaid on the physical world, accessible via cloud infrastructure for augmented reality applications.

AR/VR Analytics

Cloud-based tools for analyzing user behavior and performance in augmented and virtual reality environments.

AR/VR Collaboration Platforms

Cloud-hosted services enabling multi-user interaction in shared augmented or virtual reality spaces.

AR/VR Content Delivery Network

Specialized CDN optimized for delivering AR/VR content with low latency and high bandwidth.

AR/VR Development Platforms

Cloud-based tools and services for creating, testing, and deploying augmented and virtual reality applications.

ARM Templates (Azure)

JSON-based files defining infrastructure and configuration for Azure resource deployment.

Adaptive User Interfaces for Cloud Services

Dynamic UIs that adjust based on user behavior, device capabilities, and context in cloud applications.

Adversarial Machine Learning Detection

Techniques to identify and mitigate attacks on ML models in cloud-based AI systems.

Alerting and Notification

Systems for informing administrators or users about important events or issues in cloud environments.

Algorithmic Auditing

Process of examining AI algorithms for bias, errors, or unintended consequences in cloud-based systems.

Ambient Computing Interfaces for Cloud

Seamless, context-aware interaction methods for accessing cloud services in IoT environments.

Anomaly Detection Systems

Tools for identifying unusual patterns or behaviors in cloud systems, often using machine learning techniques.

Application-Aware Networking

Network management approach that optimizes performance based on specific application requirements in cloud environments.

Approximate Query Processing

Technique for quickly estimating query results in large-scale cloud databases, trading accuracy for speed.

Archive Storage (e.g., Amazon Glacier, Azure Archive Storage)

Low-cost cloud storage for infrequently accessed data with longer retrieval times, e.g., Amazon Glacier, Azure Archive Storage.

Artifact Repository

Cloud-based storage for software build outputs, dependencies, and related metadata.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) as a Service

Hypothetical cloud offering of human-level AI capabilities across various domains.

Artificial General Intelligence Research Platforms

Cloud-based environments for developing and testing advanced AI systems approaching human-level intelligence.

Audit Logging

Systematic recording of actions and events in cloud systems for security and compliance purposes.

Audit Trails

Chronological records of system activities for reconstructing and examining the sequence of events in cloud environments.

Augmented Analytics

Integration of machine learning and natural language processing in cloud-based data analytics workflows.

Augmented Reality (AR) Cloud

Shared, persistent digital content overlaid on the physical world, accessible via cloud infrastructure.

Augmented Reality Cloud Interfaces

Cloud-based systems for managing and delivering AR content and experiences, enabling scalable AR applications.

Augmented Reality Cloud Rendering

Cloud-powered generation of AR graphics and content, offloading processing from end-user devices.

Auto Scaling Groups

Collections of EC2 instances that automatically adjust capacity based on defined conditions.

Auto-scaling

Automatic adjustment of cloud resources to match workload demands, ensuring optimal performance and cost-efficiency.

AutoML

Automated machine learning processes for model selection, hyperparameter tuning, and feature engineering in cloud environments.

AutoML in the Cloud

Cloud-based services automating the machine learning pipeline from data preparation to model deployment and monitoring.

Automated AI Pipeline Optimization

AI-driven tools for improving efficiency and performance of machine learning workflows in the cloud.

Automated Cloud Governance Enforcement

Systems that automatically implement and maintain cloud resource policies and compliance.

Automated Compliance Monitoring

Continuous, AI-driven assessment of cloud systems against regulatory and security standards.

Automated Data Discovery

AI-powered tools for identifying, categorizing, and mapping data assets in cloud environments.

Automated Data Governance

AI-driven systems for managing data quality, security, and compliance in cloud environments.

Automated Data Wrangling Services

Cloud-based tools using AI to clean, transform, and prepare data for analysis, streamlining data preparation processes.

Automated Feature Engineering

AI-powered generation and selection of features for machine learning models in cloud environments.

Automated Incident Response Orchestration

AI-driven coordination of security incident detection and resolution in cloud systems, automating response workflows.

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML)

Cloud services that automate the process of creating and optimizing machine learning models, from data prep to deployment.

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) Platforms

Cloud-based systems that automate the end-to-end machine learning model development process, including feature engineering and model selection.

Automated Penetration Testing

AI-driven tools for simulating cyberattacks to identify vulnerabilities in cloud systems and applications.

Automated Threat Modeling

AI-powered analysis of cloud architectures to identify potential security risks and attack vectors.

Autonomous Systems in the Cloud

Self-managing, self-healing cloud services requiring minimal human intervention, leveraging AI for operations.

Azure Edge Zones

Ultra-low latency edge computing extensions of Azure for 5G networks, bringing cloud resources closer to users.

Azure Policy

Service for creating, assigning, and managing policies to control Azure resources and ensure compliance.

B2B Integration Platforms

Cloud-based services facilitating data exchange and process integration between business partners.

Backend for Frontend (BFF) Pattern

Architectural approach creating backend services tailored to specific frontend application needs in cloud environments.

Bare Metal Server

Physical server dedicated to a single tenant, offering direct hardware access in cloud environments.

Bare Metal Servers

Dedicated physical servers without virtualization, offered as a cloud service for high-performance workloads.

Batch Processing (e.g., AWS Batch, Azure Batch)

Execution of series of jobs without user interaction, often for large-scale data processing in the cloud (e.g., AWS Batch, Azure Batch).

Big Data Clusters

Distributed computing environments for processing and analyzing massive datasets in the cloud.

Billing Dashboard

Interface for monitoring and managing cloud service usage and costs, providing detailed breakdowns and forecasts.

Biocomputing in the Cloud

Use of cloud resources for computational biology and genomics research, enabling large-scale analysis and modeling.

Biodiversity Impact Assessment for Cloud Facilities

Evaluation of cloud data center effects on local ecosystems and wildlife to ensure sustainable operations.

Block Storage

Cloud storage that provides fixed-size raw storage volumes, typically used for databases or file systems.

Block Storage (e.g., Amazon EBS, Azure Disk Storage)

Cloud services providing persistent block-level storage volumes for use with compute instances.

Blockchain Analytics

Cloud-based tools for analyzing and visualizing blockchain data and transactions, offering insights into network activity.

Blockchain Databases

Distributed databases using blockchain technology for enhanced security and immutability in cloud environments.

Blockchain Governance Tools

Software for managing and enforcing rules, permissions, and consensus mechanisms in blockchain networks deployed on cloud platforms.

Blockchain Integration Services

Cloud-based solutions for connecting blockchain networks with existing enterprise systems and applications.

Vertical Pod Autoscaler with Custom Metrics

Extended VPA functionality allowing scaling decisions based on application-specific metrics.

VerticalPodAutoscaler

Kubernetes resource defining the behavior for automatically adjusting pod resource requests and limits.

Virtual Clusters

Isolated environments within a physical Kubernetes cluster, providing multi-tenancy and resource isolation.

Virtual IP (VIP)

Single IP address representing a service, used for load balancing in container networking.

Virtual Kubelet

Kubernetes kubelet implementation that masquerades as a node and schedules pods on non-Kubernetes platforms.

Volume Access Modes (ReadWriteOnce, ReadOnlyMany, ReadWriteMany)

Kubernetes volume properties (ReadWriteOnce, ReadOnlyMany, ReadWriteMany) defining how a volume can be mounted.

Volume Cloning

Process of creating a new volume populated with the contents of an existing volume in Kubernetes.

Volume Expansion

Feature allowing the size of a persistent volume to be increased without recreating the volume.

Volume Health Monitoring

Kubernetes feature for detecting and reporting issues with persistent volumes to ensure data integrity.

Volume Modes (Block, Filesystem)

Kubernetes volume properties (Block, Filesystem) defining how the storage is presented to the container.

Volume Mounting

Process of making a storage volume accessible within a container's filesystem, enabling data persistence.

Volume Mounts

Specifications in Kubernetes pod definitions declaring how volumes should be mounted into containers.

Volume Plugins

Kubernetes components enabling integration with various storage systems for persistent storage.

Volume Snapshots

Point-in-time copies of volumes in Kubernetes, used for backup, restoration, or cloning of persistent data.

Vulnerability Scanning Integration

Incorporation of security scanning tools into the container build and deployment pipeline.

Weave GitOps

Set of tools for implementing GitOps workflows in Kubernetes environments, automating deployment and management.

Weave Net

Software-defined networking solution for containerized applications, providing a virtual network across hosts.

Weave Net for Multi-host Docker Networking

Use of Weave Net to create a virtual network connecting Docker containers across multiple hosts.

WebAssembly (Wasm) in Containers

Use of WebAssembly runtimes in containers for portable, secure, and high-performance applications.

WebAssembly in Service Mesh

Integration of WebAssembly modules in service mesh proxies for customizable traffic management.

Webhook Admission Controllers

External services invoked during the Kubernetes admission process to validate or mutate API requests.

Webhook Authorization

Kubernetes authorization mode delegating access decisions to an external REST service, enabling custom auth logic.

Webhook Token Authentication

Kubernetes authentication method verifying bearer tokens against an external webhook service.

Whereabouts for IP Address Management

CNI IPAM plugin for dynamically allocating IP addresses across multiple nodes in Kubernetes.

Wireguard for Container Networks

Use of the Wireguard VPN protocol to secure container-to-container communication across hosts.

X.509 Client Certs

Digital certificates used for authenticating clients in Kubernetes API server communications.

XDP (eXpress Data Path)

Linux kernel technology for high-performance packet processing, useful in container networking scenarios.

cAdvisor

Container advisor that collects, aggregates, and exports resource usage and performance data from running containers.

cgroups v2

Second version of control groups, offering a unified hierarchy and improved resource management for containers.

containerd

Industry-standard container runtime used by many container and orchestration platforms, providing core container operations.

containerd Internals

Core components and architecture of the containerd container runtime, including its image management and execution features.

containerd Shim

Intermediary process between containerd and runc, managing container lifecycle and I/O, enhancing isolation.

eBPF for Container Networking

Use of extended Berkeley Packet Filter for advanced container networking capabilities, enhancing performance and security.

eBPF for Container Observability

Use of extended Berkeley Packet Filter for deep insights into container behavior and performance.

eBPF in Service Mesh

Integration of eBPF technology in service mesh implementations for improved performance and observability.

eBPF-based Monitoring

Use of eBPF for efficient and detailed monitoring of containerized applications and infrastructure.

etcd Encryption

Feature ensuring at-rest encryption of data stored in etcd, Kubernetes' distributed key-value store.

etcd Performance Tuning

Optimization techniques for improving etcd performance in large-scale container orchestration.

etcd Snapshots

Point-in-time copies of etcd's state, used for backup and recovery in Kubernetes clusters.

etcd Upgrade

Process of updating the etcd cluster to a newer version in a Kubernetes environment, ensuring cluster data store reliability.

gRPC Protocol

High-performance, open-source RPC framework used for efficient communication between containerized microservices.

gRPC in Microservices

Use of gRPC, a high-performance RPC framework, for communication between containerized microservices.

gVisor

Container runtime sandbox that provides an additional layer of isolation between containerized applications and the host kernel.

gVisor for Container Isolation

Use of gVisor to enhance security in multi-tenant container environments by isolating containers from the host kernel.

in-toto for Supply Chain Integrity

Framework for securing software supply chains, applicable to container image build and distribution processes.

kube-hunter for Penetration Testing

Open-source tool for discovering security weaknesses in Kubernetes clusters through simulated attacks.

kube-proxy

Kubernetes network proxy maintaining network rules on nodes, implementing part of the Kubernetes Service concept.

kube-proxy Modes (iptables, IPVS)

Different implementations of kube-proxy for managing service networking, each with unique performance characteristics.

kube-scheduler

Kubernetes component responsible for assigning newly created pods to nodes based on resource requirements and constraints.

kubelet

Primary node agent running on each node in a Kubernetes cluster, ensuring containers are running in a pod as expected.

lxc

Linux Containers, a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features, providing operating system-level virtualization.

rkt

Container runtime focusing on security and composability, offering an alternative to Docker (now deprecated).