Learn about High Availability, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Hybrid Cloud, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Hypothesis-Driven Development, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about I/O Throughput, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IAST, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IIS Log Viewer, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IIS Server, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IOPS (Input/Output Operations per Second), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IT Infrastructure, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IT Operations, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IT Operations Management (ITOM), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about ITSI, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IaC (Infrastructure as Code), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Icinga, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Identity and Access Management (IAM), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Improper Assets Management, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Incident, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Incident Management, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Incident Prozess, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Incident Response, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Indicators of Compromise (IoC), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about InfluxDB, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Information Security Management, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure Drift, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure Management (IM), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure Metrics, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure Monitoring, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure Resilience, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure as Code (IaC), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Framework, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure as Data, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure as Software, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure on Demand, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Ingress Controller, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Injection, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Insecure Deserialization, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Instance, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Insufficient Logging & Monitoring, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Integration Testing, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Intelligent Automation, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Internal Developer Platform, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Internal Developer Platform (IDP), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Internal Threat Intelligence, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Inventory Hoarding, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Ionic, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Issue Tracking, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Iterations, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about JVM Heap, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about JVM Threads, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jamstack, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jcloud, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jenkins, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jenkins Job, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jenkins Pipeline, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jest, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jetpack Compose, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Jira, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Juju, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about KISS (Keep it simple, stupid), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kafka, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kaizen, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kanban, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kanban Board, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kata, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Keystroke Loggers, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kibana, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kickstart, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes (K8s), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes (Ks), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Cronjobs, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Monitoring, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Operator, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Pod, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes QoS, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Replica, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Kubernetes Workloads, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Lack of Resources, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Lead Time, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Lead Time for Changes, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Leaking API, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Lean, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Lean IT, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Legacy Application, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Linux, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Linux Out of Memory Killer (OOM Killer), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Load Balancer, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Load Balancing, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Local File Inclusion (LFI), its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Log Aggregation, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Log Analysis, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Log Drain, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Log Every Change, its role in DevOps, and why it matters for modern development practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Web Application Firewall (WAF), its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
WebAssembly (Wasm) in the Cloud
Learn about WebAssembly (Wasm) in the Cloud, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
WebAssembly in the Cloud
Learn about WebAssembly in the Cloud, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Workflows as Code
Learn about Workflows as Code, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Workload Placement Optimization
Learn about Workload Placement Optimization, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Workload Portability
Learn about Workload Portability, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Workload-Aware Data Placement
Learn about Workload-Aware Data Placement, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)
Learn about Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA), its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero Trust Security Model
Learn about Zero Trust Security Model, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero UI Cloud Interactions
Learn about Zero UI Cloud Interactions, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero-Knowledge Proof Services
Learn about Zero-Knowledge Proof Services, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems
Learn about Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zero-Trust Microsegmentation
Learn about Zero-Trust Microsegmentation, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Zoned Namespaces (ZNS) SSDs
Learn about Zoned Namespaces (ZNS) SSDs, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter)
Learn about eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter), its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF-based Networking
Learn about eBPF-based Networking, its role in Cloud Computing, and why it matters for modern cloud practices. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Vertical Pod Autoscaler Metrics, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Vertical Pod Autoscaler with Custom Metrics
Learn about Vertical Pod Autoscaler with Custom Metrics, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
VerticalPodAutoscaler
Learn about VerticalPodAutoscaler, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Virtual Clusters
Learn about Virtual Clusters, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Virtual IP (VIP)
Learn about Virtual IP (VIP), its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Virtual Kubelet
Learn about Virtual Kubelet, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Learn about Volume Access Modes (ReadWriteOnce, ReadOnlyMany, ReadWriteMany), its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Cloning
Learn about Volume Cloning, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Expansion
Learn about Volume Expansion, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Health Monitoring
Learn about Volume Health Monitoring, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Modes (Block, Filesystem)
Learn about Volume Modes (Block, Filesystem), its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Mounting
Learn about Volume Mounting, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Mounts
Learn about Volume Mounts, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Plugins
Learn about Volume Plugins, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Volume Snapshots
Learn about Volume Snapshots, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Vulnerability Scanning Integration
Learn about Vulnerability Scanning Integration, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Weave GitOps
Learn about Weave GitOps, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Weave Net
Learn about Weave Net, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Weave Net for Multi-host Docker Networking
Learn about Weave Net for Multi-host Docker Networking, its role in container networking, and why it matters for secure and efficient communications. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
WebAssembly (Wasm) in Containers
Learn about WebAssembly (Wasm) in Containers, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
WebAssembly in Service Mesh
Learn about WebAssembly in Service Mesh, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Webhook Admission Controllers
Learn about Webhook Admission Controllers, its role in Kubernetes, and why it matters for modern container orchestration. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Webhook Authorization
Learn about Webhook Authorization, its role in Kubernetes, and why it matters for modern container orchestration. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Webhook Token Authentication
Learn about Webhook Token Authentication, its role in Kubernetes, and why it matters for modern container orchestration. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
Wireguard for Container Networks
Learn about Wireguard for Container Networks, its role in container networking, and why it matters for secure and efficient communications. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
X.509 Client Certs
Learn about X.509 Client Certs, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
XDP (eXpress Data Path)
Learn about XDP (eXpress Data Path), its role in Linux-based container environments, and why it matters for high-performance packet processing. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
cAdvisor
Learn about cAdvisor, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
cgroups v2
Learn about cgroups v2, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
containerd
Learn about containerd, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
containerd Internals
Learn about containerd Internals, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
containerd Shim
Learn about containerd Shim, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF for Container Networking
Learn about eBPF for Container Networking, its role in container networking, and why it matters for secure and efficient communications. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF for Container Observability
Learn about eBPF for Container Observability, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF in Service Mesh
Learn about eBPF in Service Mesh, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
eBPF-based Monitoring
Learn about eBPF-based Monitoring, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
etcd Encryption
Learn about etcd Encryption, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
etcd Performance Tuning
Learn about etcd Performance Tuning, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
etcd Snapshots
Learn about etcd Snapshots, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
etcd Upgrade
Learn about etcd Upgrade, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
gRPC Protocol
Learn about gRPC Protocol, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
gRPC in Microservices
Learn about gRPC in Microservices, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
gVisor
Learn about gVisor, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
gVisor for Container Isolation
Learn about gVisor for Container Isolation, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
in-toto for Supply Chain Integrity
Learn about in-toto for Supply Chain Integrity, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
kube-hunter for Penetration Testing
Learn about kube-hunter for Penetration Testing, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
kube-proxy
Learn about kube-proxy, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
kube-proxy Modes (iptables, IPVS)
Learn about kube-proxy Modes (iptables, IPVS), its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
kube-scheduler
Learn about kube-scheduler, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
kubelet
Learn about kubelet, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
lxc
Learn about lxc, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.
rkt
Learn about rkt, its role in containerization and orchestration, and why it matters for efficient cloud-native infrastructure. A quick and clear explanation to enhance your understanding.