Engineering Glossary

Alternative terms for the same concept of proposing and reviewing changes in Git-based collaboration.

A Git command used to upload local repository changes to a remote repository, sharing updates with collaborators.

A file in a Git repository that provides information about the project, its purpose, and how to use or contribute to it.

A Git operation that moves or combines a sequence of commits to a new base commit, often used to maintain a linear history.

A Git rebase mode allowing users to modify, reorder, or squash commits before applying them to the target branch.

A Git mechanism that records updates to branch tips and other references in a repository.

A string that specifies the mapping between remote and local references when fetching or pushing in Git.

A strategy where a separate branch is created for release preparation, allowing continued development on the main branch.

A Git repository hosted on a server, allowing collaboration and synchronization between multiple developers.

Centralized location where software packages or modules are stored and managed, facilitating version control and collaboration.

A data structure containing all the files, history, and metadata for a Git-managed project.

Source Control Management, a system for tracking and managing changes to code, of which Git is an example.

The cryptographic hash function used by Git to generate unique identifiers for objects in the repository.

A secure authentication method using a pair of cryptographic keys for accessing remote systems or services.

A Git clone that only fetches a limited number of recent commits, reducing download size for large repositories.

The process of combining multiple commits into a single commit in Git, often used to simplify history.

The process of preparing changes to be committed in Git, also known as "adding to the index."

A Git feature for temporarily storing uncommitted changes, allowing you to switch branches without committing work in progress.

A Git feature for temporarily saving uncommitted changes, allowing you to switch contexts without committing incomplete work.

A Git command that shows the state of the working directory and staging area, indicating which files are modified or staged.

A Git repository nested within another repository, allowing you to include external projects in your own project.

A named reference to a specific point in Git history, typically used to mark release points or important milestones.

A subscription level for GitHub designed for collaborative groups or small organizations.

The original repository from which a fork is created, or the branch that a local branch is tracking.

Terms describing the flow of changes in Git, with upstream being the source and downstream the destination.

A temporary commit indicating unfinished work, often used to save progress or facilitate code reviews.

A secure alternative to passwords, used for authentication in Git operations, providing limited access to specific resources or actions.

A secondary location where Git stores object files, useful for optimizing storage and performance in large repositories.

A dedicated hardware or virtual machine optimized for running Git services, often used in enterprise environments for improved performance.

The person responsible for addressing an issue or pull request in a Git repository, helping to organize and prioritize tasks.

A temporary code used in two-factor authentication to verify a user's identity when accessing Git repositories or services.

The primary branch in a Git repository from which feature branches are created and into which they are merged after development.

A simple authentication method in Git using a username and password, often discouraged in favor of more secure methods.

The recurring period for which Git hosting services charge users or organizations for their subscriptions and usage.

The email address associated with a Git account or organization for receiving invoices and billing-related communications.

A user role in Git hosting platforms responsible for managing billing information, subscriptions, and payments for an organization.

A subscription package offered by Git hosting services, defining features, storage limits, and pricing for users or organizations.

A brief description of a user's profile on Git platforms, typically including their role, interests, or expertise in software development.

A Git object type representing the contents of a file, stored as a sequence of bytes without any metadata or file attributes.

An action on Git platforms to restrict a user's ability to interact with a repository, often used to manage disruptive behavior.

A set of rules applied to Git branches to control who can push changes, merge, or perform certain actions, enhancing code quality.

A command-line tool often used with Git to transfer data and interact with APIs, supporting various protocols including HTTPS.

A visual representation of an issue or pull request in Git project management tools, used for organizing and prioritizing work.

A series of connected commits in Git, representing a sequence of changes that build upon each other in a repository's history.

A group of changes made to files in a Git repository, typically represented by a commit and including additions, modifications, and deletions.

An automated test or verification process run on Git repositories to ensure code quality, security, or compliance with project standards.

A nested team within a Git organization's hierarchy, inheriting permissions and access rights from its parent team.

A Git command used to remove untracked files and directories from a working directory, helping to maintain a tidy repository.

A technique used in Git hosting services to distribute repository data across multiple servers for improved performance and reliability.

A visual representation of code additions and deletions over time in a Git repository, useful for tracking project activity.

A document outlining expected behavior and guidelines for contributors in a Git repository, promoting a positive community.

A designated person or team responsible for reviewing and approving changes to specific files or directories in a Git repository.

A user with read and write access to a Git repository, able to contribute code and participate in project discussions.

A unique identifier (SHA-1 hash) assigned to each commit in Git, used to reference specific points in a repository's history.

The person who originally created a commit in Git, distinct from the committer who may have applied the changes on behalf of the author.

A visual representation of the commit history in a Git repository, showing the relationships between different branches and merges.

The underlying structure and visual representations of Git's commit history, used for understanding project evolution.

A descriptive text associated with a Git commit, explaining the purpose and details of the changes made in that commit.

A Git object type containing metadata about a commit, including the author, committer, date, and a pointer to the tree object.

A file used by Git to store commit graph information, optimizing performance for operations that traverse the commit history.

A term referring to any Git object that can be resolved to a commit, including commit IDs, branch names, and tags.

A Git feature allowing users to view differences between two branches, often used before merging to review changes.

A visual representation of a user's Git activity over time, showing the frequency and distribution of their contributions to repositories.

A document in a Git repository outlining best practices, coding standards, and procedures for contributors to follow when submitting changes.

The collective changes, commits, issues, and pull requests made by a user to Git repositories, showcasing their involvement in projects.

Any person who has made contributions to a Git repository, whether through code, documentation, or other forms of project support.

A visual representation of all contributors to a Git repository, showing their relative contributions over time and by type.

The fundamental set of Git commands and functionality, excluding third-party extensions or hosting platform-specific features.

A promotional code offering discounts or credits for Git hosting services, often used to attract new users or upgrade existing accounts.

A time-based job scheduler used in Git hosting platforms to automate tasks such as backups, notifications, or periodic code checks.

A Git object not reachable from any reference (branch, tag, etc.), often created during rebasing or other history-altering operations.

A central interface in Git platforms providing an overview of a user's repositories, activities, and notifications.

The primary branch in a Git repository, typically named "main" or "master," serving as the base for new branches and deployments.

A visual representation of a project's dependencies, showing relationships between different components or external libraries.

A visualization of other projects or repositories that depend on a given Git repository, useful for understanding its impact.

An SSH key granting read-only access to a specific Git repository, commonly used for automated deployments or CI/CD processes.

The process of resolving a Git reference (like a branch or tag) to its corresponding commit object or SHA-1 hash.

A state in Git where the HEAD pointer references a specific commit rather than a branch, often used for temporary work.

Tools and features in Git used to identify and troubleshoot issues with repositories, commits, or configuration settings.

A folder within a Git repository containing files and potentially other subdirectories, organized hierarchically.

A term describing a Git working directory that contains uncommitted changes, indicating modifications that haven't been saved to the repository.

Alerts sent via email by Git platforms to inform users about repository activities, mentions, or updates.

A high-tier account type offered by Git hosting services, providing advanced features and support for large organizations.

A problematic merge in Git where conflicts are resolved incorrectly, potentially introducing subtle bugs or inconsistencies.

A type of Git merge where the target branch's pointer is simply moved to the latest commit of the source branch, without creating a new commit.

A temporary branch in Git created to develop a specific feature or fix, typically merged back into the main branch upon completion.

A markdown syntax used in Git documentation and comments to display formatted code snippets with syntax highlighting.

The underlying structure used by Git to store repository data, including objects, refs, and configuration files.

A feature in Git platforms allowing users to receive updates and notifications about other users' activities.

A file containing a Git repository's object database, used in certain Git operations.

A text file specifying intentionally untracked files that Git should ignore, customizable for different project types.

A technique in Git to join two unrelated commit histories, typically used for repository repair or history modification.

A unique identifier (SHA-1) for Git objects, used to ensure data integrity and create content-addressable storage.

The default branch that is checked out when a repository is cloned, typically 'main' or 'master'.

A reference to the tip of a branch, representing the most recent commit in that branch's history.

A characteristic of Git hosting systems designed to ensure continuous operation and minimal downtime.

A script that Git executes before or after events such as commit, push, and receive, used for automating or controlling Git processes.

The unique name assigned to a device on a network, used for identification and communication purposes.

A visual representation of a hash value, often used as a default avatar in Git platforms.

A service that creates, maintains, and manages identity information for users, often integrated with Git platforms.

Policies and processes for ensuring data quality, security, and compliance in cloud environments.

Cloud-based tools for combining data from various sources into a unified view, enabling comprehensive data analysis.

Centralized repository storing structured and unstructured data at scale in its native format.

Large-scale storage repository for raw data in various formats in cloud environments.

Hybrid architecture combining data lake storage with data warehouse query capabilities in cloud environments.

Tracking the origin, movement, and transformations of data throughout its lifecycle in cloud systems.

Monitoring data origins, transformations, and usage across cloud environments for compliance and analysis.

Subset of a data warehouse focused on specific business functions or departments in cloud environments.

Techniques to protect sensitive information by obscuring or replacing identifiable data in cloud storage.

Decentralized approach to data management, treating data as a product owned by domain teams in cloud environments.

Tools supporting implementation of data mesh principles in cloud-based data architectures.

Process of transferring data between storage types, formats, or systems in cloud environments.

Automated process for extracting, transforming, and loading data between cloud systems or services.

Systematic analysis of how data processing activities affect privacy in cloud environments.

Cloud-based tools for assessing, improving, and maintaining the quality of data assets.

Specifying the physical location where cloud-stored data resides for compliance with regulations.

Controls for protecting intellectual property and sensitive information in cloud-based data sharing.

Platforms for sharing and monetizing data science models and algorithms in the cloud.

Tools for tracking changes and collaborating on data science projects in cloud environments.

Techniques for managing uneven data distribution in cloud-based parallel processing.

Concept that data is subject to the laws of the country in which it is stored in cloud environments.

Cloud-based tools for replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents for security purposes.

Capability to access and restore previous versions of data in cloud storage systems.

Technology that provides a unified view of data from multiple cloud and on-premises sources without moving it.

Tools and techniques for creating visual representations of data stored in cloud environments.

Centralized repository optimized for analytics and business intelligence in cloud environments.

Process of collecting, storing, and managing data from varied sources in a central cloud repository for analysis.

Monitoring and recording database activities in cloud environments for security and compliance purposes.

Process of creating copies of databases and recovering them in cloud environments for data protection.

Technique to store frequently accessed data in memory for faster retrieval in cloud databases.

Process of encoding data to protect sensitive information in cloud-based databases.

Automatic switching to a redundant database when the primary system fails in cloud environments.

Techniques ensuring continuous database operation in cloud environments, minimizing downtime.

Process of moving databases from on-premises or other cloud environments to a target cloud platform.

Managed service for migrating databases to cloud platforms with minimal downtime.

Optimizing database operations for improved speed and efficiency in cloud environments.

Intermediary service managing connections between applications and cloud databases for improved security and performance.

Adjusting database resources vertically (more powerful hardware) or horizontally (more instances) in cloud environments.

Distributing data across multiple database instances for improved performance and scalability in the cloud.

Process of updating database software to newer versions in cloud environments, improving performance and security.

Managed cloud service providing database functionality without the need for infrastructure management.

Storage for messages that can't be processed successfully in cloud-based message queuing systems.

Distributed cloud computing model leveraging blockchain technology for increased security and user control.

Blockchain-based platforms for trading compute resources across distributed cloud networks.

Self-sovereign identity management using blockchain technology in cloud environments.

Systems for user authentication and authorization using blockchain in cloud environments.

Distributed file storage systems using peer-to-peer networks in cloud computing environments.

Security approach using decoys to detect, deceive, and deflect attackers in cloud environments.

Subset of machine learning using neural networks with multiple layers for complex pattern recognition in cloud environments.

Tools and practices for automatically releasing and updating applications in cloud environments.

Service for declaratively managing and deploying cloud resources on Google Cloud Platform.

Automated, end-to-end pipelines for software delivery in cloud environments, streamlining development and deployment processes.

Collaborative approach integrating development and operations teams for efficient cloud-based software delivery.

Measurements for assessing the performance and efficiency of DevOps processes in cloud environments.

Integration of security practices into DevOps processes using automated tools in cloud environments.

Integrated tools for implementing security throughout the DevOps lifecycle in cloud environments.

Tools and practices for configuring, monitoring, and securing IoT devices connected to cloud platforms.

Process of setting up and configuring IoT devices for secure connection to cloud platforms.

Cloud-based tools for adding noise to data to protect individual privacy while maintaining overall accuracy.

Tools for tracking and optimizing user interactions with cloud-based applications and services.

Virtual representations of physical objects or systems, often leveraging cloud resources for simulation and analysis.

Virtual models of physical assets or processes, often using cloud computing for data processing and simulation.

Cloud-based virtual representations of physical entities for monitoring, simulation, and optimization.

Dedicated network connection between on-premises infrastructure and cloud service providers.

Cloud infrastructure designs separating compute, storage, and networking for flexible resource allocation.

Cloud storage architecture separating storage management functions from physical storage devices.

Strategies and tools for recovering data and systems after a catastrophic event in cloud environments.

Process of training machine learning models across multiple cloud nodes for improved speed and efficiency.

Cloud services distributed across multiple physical locations but managed centrally.

Techniques for solving complex problems across multiple cloud nodes while satisfying various constraints.

Cloud-based systems for running data analysis and machine learning tasks across multiple nodes.

Cloud-based security systems deploying decoys across multiple points to detect and mislead attackers.

Process of training AI models across multiple edge devices and cloud resources, enabling decentralized learning at scale.

Technique for tuning machine learning models across multiple cloud nodes for improved performance.

Managing and coordinating blockchain networks across multiple cloud environments.

Tracking and analyzing requests as they flow through cloud-based microservices architectures.

Specialized programming languages designed for efficient cloud resource management and deployment.

Monitoring and identifying unauthorized or unintended changes in cloud infrastructure configurations.

Extension of Azure Functions that enables stateful operations in serverless compute environments.

Adaptive security measures that adjust permissions based on context in cloud environments.

Responsible disposal and recycling of outdated or decommissioned cloud hardware.

Strategies for sustainably disposing of and recycling obsolete cloud computing hardware.

Process of moving data from source systems into a data warehouse in cloud environments.

Approaches to moving to the cloud that minimize environmental impact and energy consumption.

Artificial intelligence algorithms running on devices at the network edge, often integrated with cloud backends.

Methods for reducing the size of AI models to run efficiently on edge devices with cloud support.

Managing and updating AI model versions across distributed edge devices and cloud systems.

Measures to protect AI models and data on edge devices connected to cloud networks.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities deployed on edge devices, often with cloud integration.

Processing and analyzing data near its source on edge devices before sending insights to the cloud.

Software platforms for developing and deploying analytics applications on edge devices with cloud connectivity.

Identifying unusual patterns or behaviors in data at the network edge before sending alerts to the cloud.

Storing frequently accessed data on edge devices or servers to reduce latency and cloud bandwidth usage.

Network architectures optimized for connecting edge computing devices to cloud resources.

Processing and analyzing visual data on edge devices before sending results to the cloud.

Distributing and caching content on edge servers to reduce latency and cloud bandwidth consumption.

Database systems designed to run on edge devices with intermittent connectivity to cloud backends.

Creating AI-generated content on edge devices with potential cloud-based model updates and synchronization.

Techniques to improve AI model performance on edge devices, reducing latency and cloud dependence.

Distributed sites hosting cloud services closer to end-users for reduced latency and improved performance.

Custom, cluster-level resources in Kubernetes that can be allocated to containers, such as GPUs or FPGAs.

Kubernetes component allowing custom logic to be added to the scheduling process for advanced pod placement strategies.

HTTP callbacks that receive admission requests and can modify or reject objects before persistence in Kubernetes.

Incorporation of external secret management systems like HashiCorp Vault with container platforms.

Kubernetes service type that maps a service to a DNS name, useful for representing external services within a cluster.

Kubernetes services that reference external resources by DNS name, facilitating access to external dependencies.

Allocation and management of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays as resources in container orchestration platforms.

Implementation of Function-as-a-Service platforms on Kubernetes, enabling serverless architectures in container environments.

Open-source cloud-native runtime security project, providing real-time threat detection for containerized environments.

Use of Falco to monitor and alert on unexpected behavior in running containers and Kubernetes clusters.

Technique of intentionally introducing failures in containerized systems to test resilience and error handling capabilities.

Flags in Kubernetes used to enable or disable specific features, allowing for fine-grained control over cluster functionality.

Implementation of service mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters, enabling cross-cluster service communication.

Technique for managing multiple Kubernetes clusters from a single control plane, useful for multi-cloud or hybrid deployments.

Kubernetes feature allowing controllers to implement asynchronous pre-delete hooks, ensuring proper resource cleanup.

Use of finalizers in Kubernetes operators to perform cleanup operations before custom resource deletion.

Lightweight virtualization technology used for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container environments.

Minimal virtual machines used by Firecracker to provide strong isolation for containers or functions.

Open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework for running functions, supporting multiple languages and event triggers.

Progressive delivery tool for Kubernetes, automating canary releases and A/B testing of containerized applications.

Network fabric for containers designed to give a consistent, easily configured layer 3 network across multiple hosts for Kubernetes.

CNI plugin providing a simple overlay network for container communication across hosts, enabling basic networking.

Out-of-tree plugin mechanism in Kubernetes for interfacing with third-party storage systems, predating CSI.

Open-source data collector for unified logging layer, enabling efficient data collection and consumption for better use of data.

Kubernetes deployment ensuring Fluentd log collectors run on every node for comprehensive log aggregation.

Modular components in Fluentd for ingesting logs from various sources in containerized environments.

Modular components in Fluentd for sending processed logs to various destinations from containerized environments.

GitOps toolkit for deploying applications to Kubernetes, automating the deployment pipeline from Git repositories.

Next generation of Flux, providing a set of continuous delivery solutions for Kubernetes with improved modularity and features.

Automatic adjustment of function instances based on demand in serverless container environments.

Standardized way of building function containers, abstracting away infrastructure concerns for developers.

Process of allocating and managing GPU resources for containers running machine learning workloads.

Tool facilitating development and testing of Kubernetes applications in remote clusters.

Kubernetes feature allowing for dynamic provisioning of short-lived volumes for containers.

Network virtualization technology used in some container networking solutions for multi-tenant environments.

Integrated CI/CD platform with native container and Kubernetes support for building, testing, and deploying applications.

Set of composable APIs and specialized tools for building continuous delivery systems on top of Kubernetes.

Operational model where the desired state of a Kubernetes cluster is version controlled and automated from a Git repository.

Distributed file system that can be used for providing persistent storage to containerized applications in Kubernetes.

Kubernetes operators written in Go, leveraging the client-go library for interacting with the Kubernetes API.

Tool that provides recommendations for resource requests and limits for Kubernetes deployments.

Managed compute platform for deploying containerized applications in a serverless environment.

Managed Docker registry service by Google for storing, managing, and securing container images.

Customizable visualization panels for monitoring containerized environments and applications.

Configurable backends in Grafana for retrieving metrics and logs from various container monitoring systems.

Horizontally-scalable, multi-tenant log aggregation system designed for use in containerized environments.

Automated setup and configuration of Grafana dashboards and data sources in container deployments.

Implementation of GraphQL APIs in microservices architectures for flexible data querying and manipulation.

Kubernetes Quality of Service class ensuring pods receive the exact amount of requested resources, ideal for critical workloads.

Open-source container registry providing content trust, vulnerability scanning, and RBAC for storing and distributing container images.

Continuous Delivery platform supporting various deployment strategies for containerized applications in Kubernetes environments.

Kubernetes services that don't allocate a cluster IP, used for direct pod-to-pod communication in stateful applications.

Package manager for Kubernetes that helps you define, install, and upgrade even the most complex Kubernetes applications.

Packages of pre-configured Kubernetes resources, facilitating the deployment and management of complex applications.

Helm feature allowing custom actions to be performed at specific points in a release's lifecycle, enhancing deployment flexibility.

Kubernetes operator that manages Helm releases, automating the deployment and lifecycle of Helm-based applications.

Storage locations for packaged Helm charts, enabling version control and distribution of containerized application configurations.

Mechanism in Helm for parameterizing chart templates, allowing for customization of deployments across different environments.

Kubernetes operators leveraging Helm charts for managing the lifecycle of complex, stateful applications.

Kubernetes feature allowing nested namespaces, providing finer-grained resource isolation and multi-tenancy capabilities.

Kubernetes controller that automatically adjusts the number of pods in a deployment based on observed metrics.

Metrics used by HPA to determine when to scale containerized applications, including CPU, memory, and custom metrics.

Extended HPA functionality allowing scaling decisions based on application-specific or external metrics.

Kubernetes resource defining the behavior for automatically scaling the number of pods in a replication controller or deployment.

Container networking mode where pods use the host's network namespace, bypassing virtual networks for improved performance.

Linux kernel feature for managing large memory pages, improving performance for memory-intensive containerized applications.

IP Virtual Server, a transport-layer load balancing technology used in Kubernetes for efficient service proxying and load distribution.

Implementation of IPsec protocols to secure container-to-container communications across hosts and clusters.

Kubernetes feature enabling pods and services to be assigned both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, facilitating transition to IPv6.

Support and configuration for using IPv6 addressing in Kubernetes clusters, enabling large-scale container deployments.

Approach to designing APIs that can be called multiple times without changing the result, crucial for reliable microservices.

Lightweight, standalone, executable package that includes everything needed to run a piece of software.

Unique identifiers for container images, ensuring consistency and integrity across different environments and registries.

OCI specification for multi-architecture container images, allowing a single image to support multiple platforms.

Technique for reusing unchanged layers when building or pulling container images, improving build and deployment speed.

Strategies for reducing the size and number of layers in container images, improving storage efficiency and pull times.

Metadata file describing the contents and configuration of a container image, crucial for image distribution and deployment.

Standardized format for container image manifests, supporting multi-architecture images and content-addressable layers.

Process of moving container images through different environments (e.g., dev, staging, production) in a controlled manner.

Process of downloading container images from a registry to a local environment or container runtime.

Process of uploading locally built container images to a remote registry for distribution and deployment.

Rules defining how long container images are kept in a registry, balancing storage costs with availability needs.

Automated process of analyzing container images for vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and compliance issues.

Cryptographic process of digitally signing container images to ensure their integrity and authenticity during distribution.

End-to-end process of cryptographically signing container images and verifying their authenticity before deployment.

Technique of combining multiple layers of a container image into a single layer, potentially reducing image size and complexity.

Process of assigning human-readable labels to container images, facilitating version management and deployment workflows.

Automated security analysis of container images to identify known vulnerabilities in installed packages and dependencies.

Component in container runtimes responsible for managing image-related operations like pulling, pushing, and local storage.

Practice of replacing entire container instances instead of modifying existing ones, enhancing consistency and reliability.

Approach to deploying containerized applications by directly specifying the desired actions, as opposed to declarative methods.

Distributed data management systems optimized for high-performance data processing in containerized environments.

Technique for updating containerized applications or infrastructure components without full redeployment, minimizing downtime.

Built-in plugins in Kubernetes for various functionalities, as opposed to out-of-tree or external plugins.

Technique for optimizing container image distribution by allowing partial and on-demand loading of image layers.

Automated testing of infrastructure definitions, ensuring consistency and reliability in container deployments.

Kubernetes API object managing external access to services in a cluster, typically HTTP, providing load balancing and SSL termination.

Components implementing the Ingress resource in Kubernetes, managing the routing of external traffic to internal services.

Entry point for external traffic in service mesh architectures, providing routing, security, and observability for incoming requests.

Design pattern using specialized containers that run before app containers in a pod, used for setup or dependency management.